1800-1810 1800 Spain returns Louisiana territory to France, --- briefly. 1800 Congress establishes Library of Congress. 1800 Horse-drawn railroads go into use in Eastern United States. 1801 House elects Jefferson 3rd president after electoral college tie with Aaron Burr. Takes oath Mar 4. 1801 John Marshall appointed Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. 1801 First stone building in Northwest Territory is Ohio capitol, Chillicothe. 1801 Tripolitan War begins; ends in 1805 with USMC on the shores of Tripoli. 1802 Treaty of Amiens, in March. Napoleon proclaims himself emperor. 1803 Louisiana Territory purchased from France (Napoleon) April 30. Jefferson agrees to pay $15 million for almost all land between Mississippi and Rockies. 1803 Thomas Jefferson's letter to Merriwether Lewis sends Lewis & Clark on their great exploration. 1803 Ohio enters Union as 17th state. Paperwork completed 1953! 1803 Atomic theory first published. 1804 12th Amendment ratified; changes Presidential election rules. 1804 Alexander Hamilton killed in duel with VP Aaron Burr, Jul 11. 1805 Jefferson takes oath for second term as President on March 4. 1805 Lewis & Clark discover mouth of Columbia River on Nov 7. 1806 President Jefferson speaks to Cherokee Chiefs in Washington, Jan. 10. Promises we will live in harmony -- forever. 1806 Napoleon excludes British goods from "fortress Europe." American shipping caught in middle. 1807 Robert Fulton, in "Clermont", steams up Hudson River to Albany, Aug 17. 1807 Treaty of Detroit; Wyandot Indians lose most of their real estate. 1807 Embargo Act, Dec 22, forbids American ships from leaving American waters. 1808 Slave importation outlawed. Yet another 1/4 million brought in by 1860. 1809 James Madison takes oath on March 4 as 4th President. 1809 Thomas Paine dies, on June 8. Is buried on his farm in New Rochelle. Ten years later body is moved to England. Good riddance! 1809 Non-Intercourse Act, Mar 1, repeals Embargo Act, which didn't work. 1809 Fable of G. Washington and the cherry tree published in The Life of Washington by Mason Locke Weems. 1810 Census counts 7,239,881 persons in United States.